Overview
Below is an overview of how a bridge transfer on Across works from start to finish.
Last updated
Below is an overview of how a bridge transfer on Across works from start to finish.
Last updated
A user that would like to move funds from chain A to chain B deposits funds into a Spoke Pool on chain A with instructions about where they would like their funds to wind up and the fee that they are willing to pay.
Relayers view these deposits and, once they have verified that the details of the deposit are correct, immediately provide funds to the user on chain B. The user is now satisfied, having received their funds minus any fees and no longer needs to interact with Across.
After the relayer has performed the relay, a proof of that relay and the validity of the original deposit is submitted to the optimistic oracle (OO) and the relayer is reimbursed once this information has been verified by the OO.
The relayer's reimbursement is taken out of a single liquidity pool on Ethereum Mainnet escrowed in a contract called the Hub Pool. Liquidity providers ("LP's") to this pool also earn a fee per transfer that is assessed on the user's deposited amount.
The rules for how funds are moved between the L2 Spoke Pools and the L1 Hub Pool to reimburse relayers are explained in UMIP-157. Anyone who wants to move funds between the pools must submit a valid proof to the OO that abides by the rules explained in the UMIP.
To see how this all comes together, check out the chart below showing a complete end-to-end flow of the process.
The smart contract code can be found here, including implementations of the HubPool and SpokePool.
The smart contracts were audited by OpenZeppelin. The audit report contains a high-level summary of how the smart contract architecture works.
Moreover, here is a 60-minute explainer video of the smart contract architecture. Slides for the explainer video can be found here.
