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Across Documentation
V2 Developer Docs
V2 Developer Docs
  • How Across Works
    • Overview
      • Roles within Across
      • Fee Model
      • Validating Root Bundles
      • Disputing Root Bundles
  • Developers
    • Across API
    • Across SDK
    • Contract Addresses
      • Mainnet (Chain ID: 1)
      • Arbitrum (Chain ID: 42161)
      • Optimism (Chain ID: 10)
      • Base (Chain ID: 8453)
      • zkSync (Chain ID: 324)
      • Polygon (Chain ID: 137)
    • Selected Contract Functions
    • Running a Relayer
    • Integrating Across into your application
    • Composable Bridging
    • Developer notes
    • Migration from V2 to V3
  • ADDITIONAL INFO
    • Support Links
    • Bug Bounty
    • Audits
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  1. How Across Works

Overview

Below is an overview of how a bridge transfer on Across works from start to finish.

NextRoles within Across

Last updated 1 year ago

A user that would like to move funds from chain A to chain B deposits funds into a Spoke Pool on chain A with instructions about where they would like their funds to wind up and the fee that they are willing to pay.

Relayers view these deposits and, once they have verified that the details of the deposit are correct, immediately provide funds to the user on chain B. The user is now satisfied, having received their funds minus any fees and no longer needs to interact with Across.

After the relayer has performed the relay, a proof of that relay and the validity of the original deposit is submitted to the optimistic oracle (OO) and the relayer is reimbursed once this information has been verified by the OO.

The relayer's reimbursement is taken out of a single liquidity pool on Ethereum Mainnet escrowed in a contract called the Hub Pool. Liquidity providers ("LP's") to this pool also earn a fee per transfer that is assessed on the user's deposited amount.

The rules for how funds are moved between the L2 Spoke Pools and the L1 Hub Pool to reimburse relayers are explained in . Anyone who wants to move funds between the pools must submit a valid proof to the OO that abides by the rules explained in the UMIP.

To see how this all comes together, check out the chart below showing a complete end-to-end flow of the process.

Resources to learn more

The smart contract code can be found , including implementations of the HubPool and SpokePool.

The smart contracts were . The audit report contains a high-level summary of how the smart contract architecture works.

Moreover, video of the smart contract architecture. for the explainer video can be found here.

here
audited by OpenZeppelin
here is a 60-minute explainer
Slides
UMIP-157